WireGuard has no "except" syntax. Keeping a LAN outside the tunnel means listing 0.0.0.0/0 minus it as CIDR blocks.
Leaving a range out of AllowedIPs keeps it off the tunnel. That traffic leaves your machine unencrypted, visible to your ISP and local network. Fine for a printer, a leak for anything else. AllowedIPs also filters inbound: packets from a source outside the list are dropped.
Exact subtraction, checked against brute-force address-by-address comparison. Blind to your routing table, firewall, and a DNS server inside an excluded range (the classic "tunnel up, nothing resolves"). No preset maps a country or ISP to ranges; nothing does that honestly.